International Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Research

Fracture non-union remains a difficult problem in orthopaedic practice despite substantial advances in fixation technique and biologically oriented surgery. Mechanical instability, persistent fractur…

Acute appendicitis is a common surgical emergency whose diagnosis, although fundamentally clinical, is frequently supplemented by imaging. The Modified Alvarado (MANTRELS) score offers a structured,…

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Associated chest trauma is frequently encountered in patients with TBI and may adversely affect neurolo…

Objective: An attempt was done to find out asymmetry of temporal lobe to advocate further consideration of “heschl gyrus and planum temporale in investigations of an anatomic basis for language or au…

The cervical vertebrae support the skull, permit complex neck movements and protect the spinal cord and vertebral vessels. Precise morphometric knowledge of the cervical pedicle and uncinate process…

Accurate estimation of gestational age (GA) is central to antenatal care because it informs fetal growth assessment, timing of obstetric interventions, counselling, and perinatal risk stratification.…

Background: Family caregivers are central to the delivery of home-based palliative care for patients with advanced cancer, yet many experience substantial physical, emotional, social, and financial s…

Background: Copeptin reflects activation of the arginine vasopressin stress axis, cardiac troponin T indicates myocardial injury, and adiponectin has anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic properties…

Background: Preeclampsia and related placental-mediated disorders contribute substantially to maternal and perinatal morbidity. First-trimester multimarker screening combines maternal characteristics…

Background: Recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis (RLP) is a benign but locally aggressive disorder of the larynx caused predominantly by human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6 and 11. Recurrent exophytic p…

Background: Persistent dysphonia may reflect benign, premalignant, or malignant laryngeal disease. Acoustic voice analysis combined with machine learning offers a non-invasive approach to risk strati…

Background: Lumbar spine surgery is frequently followed by moderate-to-severe postoperative pain and substantial opioid exposure. The erector spinae plane block (ESPB) is an ultrasound-guided fascial…

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common, underdiagnosed, and associated with cardiometabolic and neurocognitive morbidity. In settings where definitive sleep testing is limited, structure…

Background: Trauma is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, and orthopaedic injuries contribute 
 substantially to morbidity, particularly in low- and middle-income countries such as…

Background: Fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring during the second stage of labour is a central component of intrapartum surveillance, permitting early recognition of evolving fetal hypoxia and timely o…

Background: Laparoscopy is now central to surgical and gynaecological practice, yet formal exposure to minimally invasive surgery during undergraduate medical training remains limited in many Indian…

Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder, most frequently affecting women, and is conventionally managed with lifelong levothyroxine replacement. This systematic review evaluated the role of yog…

Background: Transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs) remain an important preventable hazard of blood transfusion. Local audits of screening-marker reactivity are needed to evaluate donor selection…

Background: Ectopic pregnancy is implantation of a fertilized ovum outside the endometrial cavity and remains an important cause of first-trimester maternal morbidity. Although most ectopic pregnanci…

Background: Bacterial pneumonia is a major cause of hospitalization. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) differ in clinical context, microbiology, and outcomes. T…

Background: Evidence on routinely available biomarkers in patients with COVID-19 and pre-existing chronic airway disease is limited. This study examined admission eosinophil percentage and serum lact…

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder associated with persistent hyperglycemia and increased risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications. Serum ferriti…

Background: Kidney stone disease is a growing health concern in South India, influenced by environmental factors, dietary habits, and genetic predispositions. Understanding the prevalent types of kid…

Background: Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) represent a group of lymphoproliferative disorders, with a limited understanding of their clinical spectrum, primary extra nodal variety, particularly in devel…

Background: Common ear, nose, and throat disorders contribute substantially to outpatient morbidity. Evidence describing the case mix, management workload, and short-term outcomes of broad ENT servic…

Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is the most serious acute metabolic complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Most episodes follow an identifiable precipitant, but the relative contrib…

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a common gynaecological presentation with causes ranging from physiological hormonal variation to premalignant and malignant endometrial disease. Histop…

Background: Acute abdomen is among the commonest surgical emergencies and requires prompt evaluation and timely intervention. Although imaging has improved diagnostic precision, structured clinical a…

Background: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is the standard surgical treatment for large renal calculi. Tubeless PCNL omits the nephrostomy tube while retaining an internal ureteric stent; totall…

Background: Preeclampsia remains a leading contributor to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, with a disproportionate burden in low- and middle-income countries. Conventional antenatal su…

Background: The safety and efficacy of transfusion depend on systematic quality monitoring. This study evaluated core quality indicators donor adverse reaction rate, donor deferral rate, transfusion…

Background: Timely restoration of epicardial coronary flow after anterior wall myocardial infarction is expected to limit infarct size and preserve left ventricular function, but the echocardiographi…

Background: Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) encompasses a broad spectrum of tympanic membrane, middleear, mastoid and ossicular pathology, and management depends on accurate preoperative defi…

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) substantially impairs quality of life. Optimised medical therapy (OMT) is the foundation of management and functional endoscopic sinus su…

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterised by variable disease severity, extensive sinonasal involvement and a risk of postoperativ…

Background: Accelerated orthokeratology uses reverse-geometry rigid gas-permeable lenses worn overnight to reshape the anterior cornea and temporarily reduce myopic refractive error. Penta-curve desi…

Inflammatory bowel disease, comprising Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is a chronic immune-mediated disorder of rising global prevalence and heterogeneous course. Management has historically…

Background: Thyroid surgery encompasses procedures of widely varying technical complexity, and the operative risk carried by an individual patient is determined by far more than the diagnostic label…

Background: Serum free light chains (sFLCs) are established markers of monoclonal plasma cell disease, but polyclonal elevations are increasingly recognised as a readout of B-cell activation, systemi…

Background: Maxillofacial injuries account for a substantial share of the trauma burden and carry functional, aesthetic and psychological consequences. Their causes and anatomical distribution differ…

Cataract remains the leading cause of avoidable visual impairment in India. The quality of cataract care depends not only on surgical volume but on consistent perioperative management, the visual res…

Background: After the lymph nodes, the liver is the commonest site for the lodgement of infection and of metastatic deposits, particularly from the gastrointestinal tract. Its size, anatomical positi…

Background: Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness and typically remains symptomless until substantial optic-nerve damage has occurred. Because no single test is sufficient for diagn…

Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a leading cause of healthcare-associated infection in intensive care units (ICUs),and the spread of extended-spectrum β-lactamase- and carbapenemase-producing str…